Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference - ruffle
Ruffle
ruffle
v. & n. --v. 1 tr. disturb the smoothness or tranquillity of. 2 tr. upset the calmness of (a person). 3 tr. gather (lace etc.) into a ruffle. 4 tr. (often foll. by up) (of a bird) erect (its feathers) in anger, display, etc. 5 intr. undergo ruffling. 6 intr. lose smoothness or calmness. --n. 1 an ornamental gathered or goffered frill of lace etc. worn at the opening of a garment esp. round the wrist, breast, or neck. 2 perturbation, bustle. 3 a rippling effect on water. 4 the ruff of a bird etc. (see RUFF(1) 2). 5 Mil. a vibrating drum-beat. Etymology: ME: orig. unkn.
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1.
I. verb (~d; ruffling) Etymology: Middle English ruffelen; akin to Low German ruffelen to crumple Date: 14th century transitive verb 1. roughen, abrade, trouble, vex , to erect (as feathers) in or like a ruff, 3. to flip through (as pages), shuffle, to make into a ~, intransitive verb to become ~d , II. noun Date: 1534 commotion, brawl, a state or cause of irritation, 3. a strip of fabric gathered or pleated on one edge, ruff II,2, an unevenness or disturbance of surface ; ripple, ruffly adjective III. noun Etymology: ruff a drumbeat Date: circa 1802 a low vibrating drumbeat less loud than a roll ...Толковый словарь английского языка
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